Harris notes that the western conception of family is ambiguous and confused with the household, as revealed in the different contexts in which the word is used. However, producing children is not the only function of the family in societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage, and the resulting relationship between two people, it is necessary for the formation of an economically productive household. From the point of view of the parent(s), the family is a "family of procreation", the goal of which is to produce, enculturate and socialize children. From the perspective of children, the family is a "family of orientation": the family serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. This can occur through the sharing of material substances (such as food) the giving and receiving of care and nurture ( nurture kinship) jural rights and obligations and moral and sentimental ties. One of the primary functions of the family involves providing a framework for the production and reproduction of persons biologically and socially. The word "families" can be used metaphorically to create more inclusive categories such as community, nationhood, and global village.ĭetail of a gold glass medallion with a portrait of a family, from Alexandria ( Roman Egypt), 3rd–4th century ( Brescia, Museo di Santa Giulia) The family is also an important economic unit studied in family economics. The field of genealogy aims to trace family lineages through history. Īnthropologists classify most family organizations as matrifocal (a mother and her children), patrifocal (a father and his children), conjugal (a married couple with children, also called the nuclear family), avuncular (a man, his sister, and her children), or extended (in addition to parents and children, may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins). Historically, most human societies use family as the primary locus of attachment, nurturance, and socialization. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as members mature and learn to participate in the community. The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Thus, the strategy may open a pathway to design adsorptive membranes for the capture of trace OMPs from water and adsorptive materials for solid phase extraction.Sauk family photographed by Frank Rinehart in 1899įamily (from Latin: familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). In addition, the membrane could concentrate organic solutes in the aqueous phase up to 150 times through an adsorption–elution mode.
These results indicate that the ultrastrong affinity is yielded by the synergy between hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic interaction and this synergy is achieved through a mechanism called hydrogen bonding-induced hydrophobic assembly. The adsorption mechanism is revealed using variable-temperature FTIR, pyrene fluorescence, and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D-NOESY), and simulation. Even at an ultrahigh water flux (12 700 L (m −2 h −1)), the MPPM is able to reduce OMP molecules in water samples by up to 2–3 orders of magnitude, showing great potential in fast production of high quality water and remediation of water resources.
The unique adsorption and regeneration performance of the MPPM surpass those of typical commercial membranes. Here, a new class of adsorptive membranes (MPPMs) with ultrastrong affinity is prepared and could effectively capture a broad range of trace OMPs (10 μg L −1) in flow-through mode. It remains a huge challenge for conventional materials because of their weak affinity for trace OMPs. The high-efficiency and rapid removal of trace organic micropollutants (OMPs) is vital to ensure the safety of drinking water.
0 kommentar(er)
